This data brief summarizes congenital syphilis (CS) cases reported in Region 3 of Northeast Ohio from 2019–2023, with a primary focus on trends in Cuyahoga County, where the majority of cases have occurred. Congenital syphilis is a preventable infection transmitted from a pregnant person to their baby and can result in severe health outcomes, including stillbirth, infant death, and long-term complications.
From 2019–2023, congenital syphilis cases increased substantially across the region, mirroring broader increases in syphilis among females of childbearing age. Most cases occurred in Cuyahoga County, particularly within the city of Cleveland. The report highlights significant racial and ethnic disparities, with more than half of cases occurring among babies born to non-Hispanic Black mothers.
The brief also examines maternal demographics, prenatal care utilization, syphilis screening and treatment during pregnancy, and associated risk factors. Findings indicate gaps in early prenatal care, repeat syphilis testing, and timely treatment—key opportunities for prevention. The data support the need for continued surveillance, enhanced screening, early treatment, and education to reduce congenital syphilis and improve maternal and infant health outcomes.
